Granny Weatherall Essay Example

Granny Weatherall Essay Granny Weatherall, the central character in Katherine Anne Porters The Jilting of Granny Weatherall, is an 80-year-old elderly woman who is staring death in the face. There is a sense of disappointment with Granny that leads readers to develop their own interpretation of her relationship with her daughter, Cornelia. As the narrator, Granny unintentionally paints the picture of Cornelia as a nuisance and bothersome person. Granny thinks to herself, The thing that most annoyed her was that Cornelia thought she was deaf, dumb, and blind.Little hasty glances and tiny gestures tossed around her and over her head (2). In fact, the reader can rationalize that it is just Cornelias concern for her ailing mother that creates the situation of her seemingly being there all the time. Granny is having mental flashbacks as death approaches like a fog rose over the valley (3). Granny recalls events throughout her life, from being left at the altar on her wedding day, to losing a child, to coming to grips with her own death as the story reaches a close. All of these recollections and the realization of her own death bring together the great ironies of the story, ironies which cause not one, but two jiltings for Granny.As you read the story, the first irony becomes quite clear. On her deathbed, the memory of a lost love, which has been, suppressed for 60 years resurfaces. The memories are magnified in such a way showing that although she had tried to forget George, her former fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, she never actually did. Find him and be sure to tell him I forgot him. I want him to know I had my husband just the same and my children and my house like any other woman (5), are the words Granny speaks to create the irony. She reminisces about the wedding day and being left standing at the altar. Granny vividly remembers, What does a woman do when she has put on the white veil and set out the white cake for a man and he doesnt come? (3) This recollection causes her to start making profo und statements about, Dont let things get lost and its bitter to lose things (3).Though she never says directly why she has these thoughts, the reader realizes that she has this appreciation because of her loss, which was not marrying George. Of course, she had a nice life with John, whom she married and had children with, but there was always the thought of what might have been had George been her husband. She thinks, He never harmed me but in that (3), a direct reference to being stood up at the altar and that was the greatest harm George could have ever done. She had tried for so long to forget him, now on her deathbed, she wants to see him, find him, and let him know how she feels. Granny reflects, For sixty years she had prayed against remembering him (4). He had always been there serving as a constant reminder of the past, of things envisioned and dreamed of wasted in a single instant, relegating her to think only what if.The second irony of the story is the cause of Grannys g reatest jilting, the realization that she had been stood up twice. This feeling is caused by her perception that in death Christ had not come to meet her to take her to heaven. She asks God to give her a sign, a sign that death was now and that He would be there. Now, For the second time there was no sign (7). The irony behind that is that she wanted God to have given her a sign when George had stood her up. That thought gives the reader a sense that she feels if only she had known prior; she could have done something, anything to change the outcome or at least lessen the pain. She wanted God to give her a sign that Jesus would be there in this moment of death with her. Granny is symbolized as that light that is surrounded by the darkness.This is descriptive of the death scene within her mind. The darkness represents death and the sadness of being left at the altar, both of which just consume and swallow the light. Reading the storys conclusion, the reader can understand what Granny means when she thinks, Again no bridegroom and the priest in the house (7). In this situation, Christ is the bridegroom and He has not shown to be with her in death. In Grannys mind, this is the greatest jilting. Granny indicates this when she says, theres nothing more cruel than this-Ill never forgive it (7). In the footnotes, the author makes the reader aware that Granny is referencing to Christ.Intertwined in these two ironies are Grannys feelings about the loss of her child, Hapsy. Even while thinking about the jilting that she received from George, it was Hapsy she really wanted (4). Porter used a great metaphor in describing Grannys desire to see Hapsy writing, She had to go a long way back through a great many rooms to find Hapsy standing with a baby on her arm (4). The metaphorical statement leaves open some interpretation for the reader. Is she talking about Hapsy actually holding a baby, or is Granny reminiscing about holding Hapsy as a baby? Granny is continually engaged in mental flashbacks that affect the way she looks at tomorrow. She sees so many things left undone that she can do on her own, but it is in direct reference to her belief that her and George left things unfinished and it is something she has never forgot. She loved John, but she wanted and loved George, a jilting she could never forget, until being stood up at death with a priest in the room and no bridegroom, the presence of Christ.As Granny Weatherall stands at the doorstep of death, her mental connection to the real world fades into a sense of disillusionment. Granny experienced two jiltings in her life; jiltings that as death looms bring her thoughts to a dramatic and horrible end. As Granny thinks about these events on the day of her death, the reader learns more about her in those few hours than perhaps even her children ever knew. The reader sees the pain of loosing a child and a mate, the challenge of motherhood, and overcoming the obstacles to help your children grow.Gran ny Weatherall is a depiction of strength and fortitude and as her life draws to a close, the reader does not get a total sense of a bitter old woman, but more of a woman who accomplished much without the one thing she truly wanted, a marriage to George. These two ironies represent the type of reading that makes this story intriguing and great to read. As Granny Weatherall, stretches within herself with a deep breath and blew out the light (7), she dies with an unforgiving heart for the jiltings that consumed her mind in life and death, including the greatest of them all, being left alone by Christ to die. Granny Weatherall Essay Example Granny Weatherall Essay Granny Weatherall, the central character in Katherine Anne Porters The Jilting of Granny Weatherall, is an 80-year-old elderly woman who is staring death in the face. There is a sense of disappointment with Granny that leads readers to develop their own interpretation of her relationship with her daughter, Cornelia. As the narrator, Granny unintentionally paints the picture of Cornelia as a nuisance and bothersome person. Granny thinks to herself, The thing that most annoyed her was that Cornelia thought she was deaf, dumb, and blind.Little hasty glances and tiny gestures tossed around her and over her head (2). In fact, the reader can rationalize that it is just Cornelias concern for her ailing mother that creates the situation of her seemingly being there all the time. Granny is having mental flashbacks as death approaches like a fog rose over the valley (3). Granny recalls events throughout her life, from being left at the altar on her wedding day, to losing a child, to coming to grips with her own death as the story reaches a close. All of these recollections and the realization of her own death bring together the great ironies of the story, ironies which cause not one, but two jiltings for Granny.As you read the story, the first irony becomes quite clear. On her deathbed, the memory of a lost love, which has been, suppressed for 60 years resurfaces. The memories are magnified in such a way showing that although she had tried to forget George, her former fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, she never actually did. Find him and be sure to tell him I forgot him. I want him to know I had my husband just the same and my children and my house like any other woman (5), are the words Granny speaks to create the irony. She reminisces about the wedding day and being left standing at the altar. Granny vividly remembers, What does a woman do when she has put on the white veil and set out the white cake for a man and he doesnt come? (3) This recollection causes her to start making profo und statements about, Dont let things get lost and its bitter to lose things (3).Though she never says directly why she has these thoughts, the reader realizes that she has this appreciation because of her loss, which was not marrying George. Of course, she had a nice life with John, whom she married and had children with, but there was always the thought of what might have been had George been her husband. She thinks, He never harmed me but in that (3), a direct reference to being stood up at the altar and that was the greatest harm George could have ever done. She had tried for so long to forget him, now on her deathbed, she wants to see him, find him, and let him know how she feels. Granny reflects, For sixty years she had prayed against remembering him (4). He had always been there serving as a constant reminder of the past, of things envisioned and dreamed of wasted in a single instant, relegating her to think only what if.The second irony of the story is the cause of Grannys g reatest jilting, the realization that she had been stood up twice. This feeling is caused by her perception that in death Christ had not come to meet her to take her to heaven. She asks God to give her a sign, a sign that death was now and that He would be there. Now, For the second time there was no sign (7). The irony behind that is that she wanted God to have given her a sign when George had stood her up. That thought gives the reader a sense that she feels if only she had known prior; she could have done something, anything to change the outcome or at least lessen the pain. She wanted God to give her a sign that Jesus would be there in this moment of death with her. Granny is symbolized as that light that is surrounded by the darkness.This is descriptive of the death scene within her mind. The darkness represents death and the sadness of being left at the altar, both of which just consume and swallow the light. Reading the storys conclusion, the reader can understand what Granny means when she thinks, Again no bridegroom and the priest in the house (7). In this situation, Christ is the bridegroom and He has not shown to be with her in death. In Grannys mind, this is the greatest jilting. Granny indicates this when she says, theres nothing more cruel than this-Ill never forgive it (7). In the footnotes, the author makes the reader aware that Granny is referencing to Christ.Intertwined in these two ironies are Grannys feelings about the loss of her child, Hapsy. Even while thinking about the jilting that she received from George, it was Hapsy she really wanted (4). Porter used a great metaphor in describing Grannys desire to see Hapsy writing, She had to go a long way back through a great many rooms to find Hapsy standing with a baby on her arm (4). The metaphorical statement leaves open some interpretation for the reader. Is she talking about Hapsy actually holding a baby, or is Granny reminiscing about holding Hapsy as a baby? Granny is continually engaged in mental flashbacks that affect the way she looks at tomorrow. She sees so many things left undone that she can do on her own, but it is in direct reference to her belief that her and George left things unfinished and it is something she has never forgot. She loved John, but she wanted and loved George, a jilting she could never forget, until being stood up at death with a priest in the room and no bridegroom, the presence of Christ.As Granny Weatherall stands at the doorstep of death, her mental connection to the real world fades into a sense of disillusionment. Granny experienced two jiltings in her life; jiltings that as death looms bring her thoughts to a dramatic and horrible end. As Granny thinks about these events on the day of her death, the reader learns more about her in those few hours than perhaps even her children ever knew. The reader sees the pain of loosing a child and a mate, the challenge of motherhood, and overcoming the obstacles to help your children grow.Gran ny Weatherall is a depiction of strength and fortitude and as her life draws to a close, the reader does not get a total sense of a bitter old woman, but more of a woman who accomplished much without the one thing she truly wanted, a marriage to George. These two ironies represent the type of reading that makes this story intriguing and great to read. As Granny Weatherall, stretches within herself with a deep breath and blew out the light (7), she dies with an unforgiving heart for the jiltings that consumed her mind in life and death, including the greatest of them all, being left alone by Christ to die.

In 1955 Pakistan International Airline Formed Tourism Essay Essays

In 1955 Pakistan International Airline Formed Tourism Essay Essays In 1955 Pakistan International Airline Formed Tourism Essay Essay In 1955 Pakistan International Airline Formed Tourism Essay Essay In 1955 Pakistan International Airline formed. It is the 16th largest air hose in Asia, runing scheduled services to 73 finishs throughout Asia, the Middle East, Europe and North America, every bit good as an extended domestic web associating 24 finishs. PIA is three stars International Airline. In our study we did SWOT analysis and PEST analysis on PIA, place major strength we find as taking market place, trade name acknowledgment, superior operating construction, web presence, hub airdrome at Karachi, and effectual usage of engineering. Formulation on GOVT regulation, High dependences on rider grosss, high debt, and trust on oil monetary values are major failing, chances are like holding MAX path and fleet, growing demand for low cost air hose, client trueness, switching client demands and industry recovery, and major menaces are high involvement rates, accidents, strong competition by Air blue, involvement and foreign currency exchange rates, and diminution in industry. In PEST analysis we discover major Government s active function in increasing competition in the air hose industry, rising prices rate, turning of societal environment of Pakistan progressive with the new government. Invention in engineering, and its impact on dist ribution and cost synergisms from industry consolidation. We recommend PIA for better service to deconcentrate its direction system, develop SBUs, follow crystalline publicity constabularies, employee authorization to increase the employee motive and moral. Try to diminish its operating expense cost, follow effectual selling policy, two manner communicating and TQM. Upgrade its fleet ; buy new Airplane with duplicate engines these will cut down the operating cost of PIA. Improve control over menus. Hire the services of IT specializers ; better service criterions concentrating on quality. Pakistan International Airlines Introduction: When Pakistan was founded in 1947 it comprised two districts on either side of the sweep of India. It was in this unusual circumstance that Pakistan International was formed in 1955. Despite wars and economic problem, the bearer survived to turn and thrive. Pakistan International Airlines is the flag bearer air hose of Pakistan, based in Karachi. It is the 16th largest air hose in Asia, runing scheduled services to 73 finishs throughout Asia, the Middle East, Europe and North America, every bit good as an extended domestic web associating 24 finishs. Its chief bases are Jinnah International Airport, Karachi, the Allama Iqbal International Airport, Lahore and the Islamabad International Airport, Islamabad/Rawalpindi. The air hose besides has secondary bases, including Peshawar International Airport, Faisalabad International Airport, Quetta International Airport and Multan International Airport, from which it connects the metropolitan metropoliss with the chief bases, the Middle East and the Far East. The air hose is owned by the Government of Pakistan ( 87 % ) and other stockholders ( 13 % ) . It has 19,263 employees ( at March 2007 ) . AIRLINE INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN: There are 36 operational airdromes. Karachi is Pakistan s chief airdrome but important degrees of both domestic and international lading are besides handled at Islamabad and Lahore. Pakistan International Airlines ( PIA ) , the public sector air hose, though confronting the competition from a few private air hoses, carries about 70 per centum of domestic riders and about equal domestic cargo traffic. The transit sector histories for about 10.5 per centum of the state s GDP and 27.4 per centum of Gross Fixed Capital Formation ( GFCF ) in FY06. It provides over 6 per centum of employment in the state and receives 12 to 16 per centum of the one-year Federal Public Sector Development Program ( PSDP ) . Government bureaus dominate the sector. Hierarchy of PIA: This organisation is divided into following sections: Human Resource and Administration, Marketing, Corporate Planning, Information Services, Finance, Flight Services, Flight Operation, Engineering, Procurement and Logistics, Customer Services, Training and Development, Quality Assurance. The organ gm of the organisation follows, with the Chairman at the top and managers of sections describing to him. The construction is centralized with the top-level direction doing the determinations. Corporate VISION OF PIA: To be a universe category air hose transcending client outlooks through dedicated employees Committed to excellence. Corporate Mission As a Symbol of National Pride, We Aspire to be a Choice Airline, Operating Productively on Modern Commercial constructs and Capable of Competing with the Best in the International every bit good as Domestic markets. Valuess: 6.1 ) . Customer Expectations: PIA is the most sure name in the industry. The ground of its good will is harmonizing the outlook of their clients that PIA has fulfilled ever. By supplying competitory duty, extended attention, and convenience to their valued and possible clients. 6.2 ) . Service: PIA purposes at supplying valuable and alone services to its clients. They are more individualized and gracious to their clients. The services are valuable and rare ; this is the ground why clients trust PIA. 28 Nov 2004, Pakistan International Airlines Pia passed the IATA Operational Safety Audit ( IOSA ) benchmark for planetary safety direction The IATA Operational Safety Audit ( IOSA ) is the benchmark for planetary safety direction in air hoses KARACHI, 22 October 2007 Abacus Pakistan officially launched Abacus Travel Secure with AIG, supplying local travel agents and travellers easy and convenient entree to AIG s travel insurance policies. Available for the first clip in Pakistan, Abacus Travel Secure brings existent clip and immediate activation of travel insurance policies to the Pakistan travel industry with a more streamlined and clip salvaging application procedure for travel agents 6.3 ) Invention: PIA presently has a figure of 43 fleets and purposes at increasing this Numberss to 53 by the following few years.PIA is adoptive to alterations and believe in invention that s create new thoughts and interpreting these thoughts into action. 6.4 ) Dependability: PIA is the most experience air hose with its service with more than 53 old ages. This has built in PIA has become the most dependable air hose. PIA is known for its trueness and consistence. 6.5 ) Safety: The most ambitious duty of any organisation is to supply complete satisfaction to its employees and clients together. This satisfaction rewards favourable and easy on the job conditions. The in-flight services are clients friendly and the organisational the organisational environment is besides employees oriented. 6.6 ) Coherence: PIA has 12 sections working in their ain way and besides provides a figure of services including speedex messenger service, providing etc. The most impressive portion is these all section and services are integrated in a cohesive manner. Servicess PIA offers two types of services. Business Class Economy Class Business Class It s the lone Business Class service that feels like First Class. A comfy place makes all the difference on a long flight. PIA s Business Class Seats elevate the construct of luxury to a new degree, to the full backing your determination to take PIA Business Class Sit back and relax in our sole Business Class Lounges at the Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad airdromes. Our hospitable staff will guarantee that you re good looked after during your stay with us at the airdrome Business Class riders geting at Airport will have a warm welcome from PIA. Our representatives will walk you right through all the arrival formalities so that you do nt hold to stand in line or concern about clearance. Economy Class: PIA s economic system category is besides comfy for rider as Business category. Economy Class offer seats with a 32-inch pitch, adjustable footstools and winglet head restraints for improved cervix comfort. The personal Television provides ongoing amusement including sound and video on-demand picks. Passengers enjoy the same lovingness service from our flight attenders, along with skilfully prepared repasts and a broad scope of in-flight amusement options to take from. Free newspapers are besides provided to all Economy category riders. The PIA in-flight magazine, Hamsafar, is provided to all riders on all international flights. Humsafar was introduced on PIA flights in 1980 and it is published bi-monthly.PIA is supplying its service in 25 citations of Pakistan domestically which are as follows: Giigit Chitral Skardu Saidu Sarif Capital of pakistan Peshawar Sialkot D.I, Khan Lahore Lyallpur Multan Zhob D.G.Khan Quetta Bahawalpur Rahim Yar Khan Dalbandin Sukkar Panjgor Sukkar Jacoababad Turbat Moemjodaro Gwadar Pasni Karachis Gross Composition: Harmonizing to the latest study of PIA, 87 % of gross generates from riders, 8 % of gross generates from lading and staying 5 % consists of others. Fleet Pakistan International Airlines fleet includes the followers aircraft ( as of May 2008 ) Major Rivals: PIA is keeping the first place in market. It has 48 % market portion. Its major rivals are Airblue and Shaheen International Airline. Airblue has a market portion of 35 % while Shaheen International Airline has 17 % market portion. Peoples feel esteemed to go with PIA as comparison to Airblue and others. Latest merchandises by PIA nad qulaity accomplishments: Boeing-777 operating to middle E Flight Barcelona Associating Abu Dhabi and rahim yar khan Flights from D.I.Khan to Peshawar and Islamabad Early bargain cheaper fly Bradford- Islamabad Nov halt! Pak A ; Glasgow Flight from Multan and D.G khan to Dubai Lowest concern category menu paksitan Dubai Connecting Multan and Quetta, Islamabad with Chitral and Nawabshah with Hyderabad. Promoting web fining and SMS engagement, Ticketing bringing at Door measure 9.1 ) IATA Operational Safety Audit ( IOSA ) benchmark: 28 Nov 2004, Pakistan International Airlines Pia passed the IATA Operational Safety Audit ( IOSA ) benchmark for planetary safety direction The IATA Operational Safety Audit ( IOSA ) is the benchmark for planetary safety direction in airlines.A 9.2 ) E-Ticketing: KARACHI, 22 October 2007 Abacus Pakistan officially launched Abacus Travel Secure with AIG, supplying local travel agents and travellers easy and convenient entree to AIG s travel insurance policies. Available for the first clip in Pakistan, Abacus Travel Secure brings existent clip and immediate activation of travel insurance policies to the Pakistan travel industry with a more streamlined and clip salvaging application procedure for travel agents. 9.3 ) 3Star Graded air hose: SKYTRAX introduced the World Airline Star RatingAÂ ® programme in 2000 the Quality Analysis system that ranks air hose merchandise and service criterions, based on professional rating by air hose audit specializers. To accomplish SKYTRAX Approved Airlinea„?A position, air hoses are subjected to a really elaborate Quality rating across all countries of their front-line Product and Service criterions by Skytrax covering all countries that riders will typically experience during their trip. SKYTRAX Approved Airline rating covers over 750 facets of merchandise and service quality measuring, and is split across both airdrome and onboard environments airdrome services based around an air hose s place base airdrome. QUALITY RANKING USED IN AIRLINE RATING SUMMARY BELOW A =A Excellent A =A Good A = Fair A =A Poor A = Very hapless A : :A PIA PAKISTAN INTERNATIONALA : : a 3 Star Airline A A PIA Pakistan Intl Passenger Remarks Home Base Airport Ranking =A Karachi Airport SUMMARY RANKINGA Combined Quality of ProductA / Staff service in airdrome and onboard environments Business Class Premium Economy ClassA Economy ClassA Airport ServicesA Check-In service Business Class Check-In service Economy Class Transportation Services Business Class Transportation Services Economy Class Arrival Servicess Business Class Lounge merchandise installations Business Class Lounge staff service Onboard FeaturesA Inflight amusement may change harmonizing to aircraft type Cabin Safety Procedures Inflight Entertainment Comfortss, Blankets, Pillows, Towels etc Airline Magazine, Newspapers A ; other mags Cabin Seat ComfortA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Seat Guide Seating may change harmonizing to aircraft type Business ClassA long draw Business ClassA short draw Premium Economy ClassA long draw Economy ClassA long draw Economy ClassA short draw Onboard CateringA Business ClassA long draw Business ClassA short draw Premium Economy ClassA long draw Economy ClassA long draw Economy ClassA short draw Cabin Staff ServiceA Business Class service efficiency Business Class staff attitude A ; friendliness Premium Economy Class service efficiency Premium Economy Class staff attitude A ; friendliness Economy Class service efficiency Economy Class staff attitude A ; friendliness Reacting to Passenger petitions Cabin presence through flights Helping Parents with kids Staff Language Skills SWOT ANALYSIS 10.1 ) Strength: . Leading MARKET Position: PIA is one of Pakistan s taking air bearers, with more than 800 day-to-day flights. Around 150,000 riders a month fly on PIA, doing it one of the major operators in the domestic market in footings of rider kilometres. PIA s international market portion was 43.5 % , In the Domestic market, its market portion was 69.4 % . On a system-wide footing, PIA s market portion was 51.2 % at the terminal of twelvemonth 2007.Its strong market place is driven by systematically low menus every bit good as dependable service, frequent and convenient flights, usage of new engineerings like e-ticketing and self check-in terminuss, comfy cabins and superior client service. BRAND Recognition: PIA has high trade name callback. It is recognized by travellers all over the state. PIA is a national air hose, runing rider and lading services covering 82 domestic and foreign. PIA has earned the figure one ranking in client satisfaction. This strong market place gives the company a scale advantage and helps it beef up its trade name image. SUPERIOR OPERATING Structure: PIA has maintained its place as the low cost bearer. It has been first category Pakistani air hose to utilize the latest engineering. Factors lending consists of different series of Boeing and Airbus and an efficient, high-utilization and point- to-point path construction. Flying one type of aircraft significantly simplifies programming, care, flight operations, and preparation activities. PIA has continually achieved high plus use and employee efficiency. Superior operating construction serves as the primary competitory advantage of PIA. NETWORK PRESENCE: PIA enjoys a strong web in cardinal domestic and international finishs. The company s web includes three the major airdromes in Pakistan, every bit good as major international airdrome such as Dubai International Airport. Having a strong web agencies that PIA can bring forth traffic provender for both its domestic and international Flights. HUB AIRPORT AT KARACHI: PIA operates from its hub in Jinnah International Airport, Karachi. Jinnah International is one of the universe s busiest airdromes in footings of figure of riders carried. It is besides one of the largest international gateways to Asia. It is besides the taking international air rider ( and lading ) gateway to Pakistan. The company s strong presences in airdromes with heaviest traffic degrees in Pakistan give it a competitory advantage. EFFECTIVE USE OF TECHNOLOGY: PIA has successfully incorporated latest engineering in all its systems, giving it an border over rivals. PIA takes recognition for presenting most new engineerings to the Pakistani market. It was the 2nd bearer in Pakistan to integrate the c-ticketing system and the 2nd in South Asia to present self look into in systems at the Jinnah International Airport, Karachi. 10.2 ) Failing: Formulation OF GOVT. Rules: The Basic defect of this organisation is its consolidation that is centralised system. The cardinal policies, schemes and set of Torahs are designed by the upper direction. The centralised system is one of the biggest obstructions of long term success of PIA. PIA centralizes construction lead to barrel between different degree of direction, decreased motive, difficult entree to information. High DEPENDENCE ON PASSENGER REVENUES: Passenger grosss accounted for 87 per centum of the PIA s entire gross in 2007. Cargo services allow air hoses to bring forth extra grosss from bing rider flights. In add-on, lading grosss are normally counter cyclical to passenger grosss and have lower demand snap than rider concern, which allows air hoses to go through on fuel monetary value hikings to clients. Debt: PIA has a important sum of 42 billion debts. Current and hereafter debts could hold of import effects for stakeholders of the company. For illustration, debt could impair PIA ability to do investings and obtain extra funding for working capital, capital outgos, acquisitions or general corporate or other intents. Debts could besides set PIA at a competitory disadvantage to rivals that have lesser debt and could besides increase the company s exposure to involvement rate additions. Reliance ON OIL PRICES: PIA s sustainability, growing and grosss straight depend on oil monetary values. A steep rise in oil monetary values can earnestly damage the long term viability of any air hose. Recently many air hoses around the universe went insolvents due to lifting oil monetary values. Airlines need to fudge against this hazard by taking proper steps. Opportunities: . HAVING THE MAXIMUM ROUTE AND FLEET: PIA is holding the maximal path and fleet domestic and international finishs web in Pakistan as compared to its Competitors. Route and swift enlargement will positively impact the company s operations by increasing grosss. Turning DEMAND FOR LOW COST AIRLINES: The turning demand for air travel is driven by lower menus and consumer assurance. A study by International Aviation Authority showed that ticket monetary value is the figure one standard for riders when choosing a flight, good in front of the handiness of a non-stop service. CUSTOMER LOYALTY: PIA s frequent circular and trueness plans can assist it retain clients. PIA s Awards+plus ( frequent circular plan ) was established to develop rider trueness by offering awards and services to frequent travellers. Such schemes encourage repetition travel on PIA, as riders seek to accrue the benefits given to regular travellers. This enables the air hose to retain clients and cut down costs, as it does non hold to pass money aiming new clients to replace those lost to other air hoses. Shift CUSTOMER NEEDS: The demands of air riders are progressively altering, as they are going more and more monetary value medium. If PIA succeeds in doing its monetary values more competitory, so the company will be able to derive important market portion. INDUSTRY Recovery: Market analysts believe that the planetary air hose industry will see an upturn in lucks over the following few old ages. This represents an chance for PIA, as it could bring forth increased grosss and bid market portion if it capitalizes on additions in demand. . Menace High Interest Ratess: The past few old ages have seen State Bank of Pakistan impose high every bit good as low involvement rates to look into rising prices and the over warming of Pakistani economic system. Inflation in Pakistan may see another rise in the short-run. Accidents: There had been five accidents with PIA listed as below: Pakistan International Airlines Flight PK 705 was a Boeing 720 040 B that crashed while falling to set down on Runway 34 at Cairo International Airport on May 20, 1965 ensuing in 119 human deaths. Pakistan International Airlines Flight PK740 was a Boeing 707-340C that crashed after takeoff from Jeddah International Airport on November 26, 1979. All 156 aboard were killed. Pakistan International Airlines Flight 268 was an Airbus A300B4-203, enrollment AP-BCP, which crashed on attack to Kathmandu s Tribhuvan International Airport on September 28, 1992. All 167 on board were killed. PIA Flight 554 is the flight figure of a Pakistan International Airlines ( PIA ) Fokker F27 that was hijacked on May 25, 1998. The flight started its journey at Gwadar in Balochistan after arising in Turbat, and was winging to Pakistan s southern port metropolis of Karachi. The aircraft was transporting 24 riders and 5 crew members. Pakistan International Airlines Flight 688 ( PK688, PIA688 ) was scheduled to run from Multan to Lahore and Islamabad at 12:05 autopsy on July 10, 2006. It crashed into a field after spliting into fires a few proceedingss after takeoff from Multan International Airport. All 41 riders and four crewmembers on board were killed. PIA has to continuously guarantee extreme safety and security of its riders. Accidents can adversely impact client assurance in PIA and consequence in declined grosss escalating competition. Strong COMPETITION BY AIRBLUE: PIA is now viing against bearers such as Airblue and Shaheen Airline. PIA remains Airblue s strongest rival because of the immense market it has gained over clip, strong trade name image and client trueness. PIA has started new low-fares subordinate PIA Express to halt the Airblue market portion turning to fast. Furthermore, major bequest air hoses have been concentrating on restructuring costs, which has improved their fight. With costs restructured, the bequest air hoses are going more formidable rivals in footings of increasing capacity, fiting monetary values and leveraging their frequent flyer plans. Increasing competition could adversely impact the company s borders. Interest AND FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE Ratess: Fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates can hold a important impact on PIA s net incomes. For illustration, as PIA is supplying its services to the UK. Negative or positive effects arise from exchange rate motions as alteration in disbursals. Strengthening of foreign currencies against the British Pound will positively impact PIA and frailty versa. DECLINE IN AIRLINE INDUSTRY: A figure of factors have caused the current diminution in the air hose industry. For illustration, the menace of farther terrorist onslaughts since September 11 and a autumn in the figure of concern travellers have both caused rider Numberss to fall. These and other factors may go on to impact demand for air travel in the hereafter, which will impact grosss of PIA. The menace of terrorist act may deter people from going by air and could particularly cut down the figure of riders going on international flights. Plague Analysis The macro-environment includes all factors act uponing a company that are non within its control. These include political, societal, economic and technological factors. These are known as PEST factors. A technique of analysis of the macro environment is PEST analysis. Environmental analysis should be uninterrupted waterless precede all facets of planning. Since the air hose industry is really much influenced by alterations taking topographic point in the environment and has undergone rapid and dramatic alterations during the last decennary, this analysis is particularly of import for PIA. Political Factor: Political factors ever have a great influence on the manner concerns operate in the air hose industry and the disbursement power of clients. In recent old ages it has been observed that authorities played an active function in increasing competition in the air hose industry. A figure of new air hoses such as AirBlue and JS Air have been awarded licences to come in the domestic market. Pakistan has achieved some political stableness in recent old ages. If the direction of PIA believes that the present authorities will execute good ( systematically ) , so there will be more investing in the signifier of purchase of new aeroplanes and latest engineering. The over all industry will turn ensuing in more epicurean and comfy flights. With the military coup detat authorities policies have become more broad. Economic Factor: Presently, Airlines industry has three major participants: Pakistan International Airlines, an Airblue, Aero Asia and Shaheen Airlines. Their mark market includes domestic travellers every bit good as Pakistanis populating abroad peculiarly in the UK and USA. These states have strong economic systems coupled with high buying power. Customers purchase behaviour depends really much on monetary values of the viing air hoses every bit good as services offered. As rising prices rate is unstable in Pakistan, passing power of consumers has effected in the long term. In fact growing in Pakistani economic system has resulted in an addition in passing power and has positively impacted the air hose industry. Economically, the new millenary has been extremely volatile ; the September 11 onslaughts revolutionized the whole universe. Consequently, there was a planetary depression in the North America, South America, Australia and Europe. However, in Asia particularly Pakistan the consequence in the short term was otherwise. The economic system began to din because of greater remittals from abroad and whole amount in-migration by exiles. As a consequence, demand for air travel in South Asia rose. Economic conditions of Pakistan are nevertheless bettering. PIA has cost a advantage over its rivals because of its freshly acquired, improved, long distance aircrafts from Boeing which give longer scope and better fuel economic system than any other jet presently produced. This cost advantage is a barrier to entry for new houses. However, this cost advantage will non be important on domestic paths. SOCIAL FACTORS: The societal waterless cultural influences on concern vary from state to state. The societal construction of Pakistan is closely tied. The tendency is now altering as the general populace is educated and is prosecuting professional ends. Customers are more cognizant of market conditions and available options and want to acquire best value for their money. They spend considerable clip and money on amusement hence increasing the demand of in-flight amusement systems. Besides, word of oral cavity has a important impact in the usage of air hose services. Hajj attracts a immense figure of clients. The societal environment of Pakistan is turning broad with the new government. The enterprise to automatize check-in and ticket engagement procedure might non be really popular with the general populace ( even educated population ) is still engineering averse. E-ticketing might besides confront important challenges as consumers are by and large loath to supply their recognition cards information over the phone and the cyberspace. The consumers, nevertheless, have a warm reaction to the chance of less dearly-won but choice service flights. six ) TECHNOLOGICAL Factor: Technology is critical for competitory advantage and is a major driver of the air hoses industry. Major technological alterations are taking topographic point in the air hoses industry with inventions in the reserves and booking systems. In-flight amusement systems and car cheque in counters are two illustrations of such inventions. Internet plays a cardinal function in e-ticketing as consumer can easy reserve tickets or look into the position of the flight. A cardinal issue will be the extent, to which technological promotions ( such as Internet ) impact distribution and cost synergisms from industry consolidation, can countervail upward force per unit areas on costs. PIA has ever led the way of technological inventions by presenting new engineerings in front of its rivals such as its car check-in counters which has helped it derive market portion. It was the first air hose in Pakistan to put in Sabre system followed by the market leader. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES Decentralization: PIA should deconcentrate its construction that would take to the easy direction, increased motive, easy entree to information and declaration of the struggles ( as they would be resolved by the immediate trough clip span would so cut down ) . Since employees issues sing their behaviour would decrease, so it would finally take to more satisfied employees that would ensue in enhanced productiveness of the organisation. Strategic Business Unit: PIA should do its different sections into Strategic Business Unit. Every SBU should hold a defined concern scheme and a director with gross revenues and net income duty. As PIA is a big organisation, so it must be convert into SBUs.Different factors should be determined for the success of SBUs which as follows. The grade of liberty given to each SBU director. The grade to which an SBU portions functional plans and installations with other SBU s The mode in which the corporation evaluates and rewards the public presentation of its SBU directors Transparent policy acceptance: PIA should follow transparent policy that employees should be promoted on merit footing. And Chairman of PIA should be appointed from with in the organisation. Union should back up it, it will actuate the employees and PIA will turn in net income. PIA should non invest new employees till the clip they are needed on the footing of my personal observation at Rawalpindi station I have seen that a undertaking which can be performed by individual PIA had 3 employees for that.PIA should give fillip to the hardworking and competent employees. Employee Authorization: PIA should do attempts towards authorising the employees that is traveling to take to more employee engagement in the determination devising procedure and besides consequence in more employee satisfaction and enhanced motive. Apart from this, employees would experience more independent to discourse the issues explicitly without vacillation. This would besides heighten squad work procedure at PIA as quality squad and cross-functional squads. The employees will work with more committedness and dedication and every employee would work to his/her fullest due to increased motive. However, with empowerment comes answerability, so it is suggested that while they empower their employees, there should besides be a controlled cheque on them to result the right use of power delegated to every employees within their limited bounds. Overhead Costss: PIA should besides cut down its operating expense costs that are it should mange its resources: labour more efficaciously, so that with less input, more out put can be achieved and the saved resources can be utilized in other countries such as presenting more preparation classs for the employees so that the quality of the work force could be increased. Hiring the services of expertness can better the efficiency of their services, so by salvaging the operating expense costs, they can use that money for the expertness services. So by analysing the assorted sections of the organisation and doing the right corrections, it can well better the criterions of Organizational behaviour. Selling policy: PIA should follow good selling policies so that it will convey higher net income and maximal use of its available resources, Business sector should be attracted to run at full potency. Bipartisan Communication: The suggestions of the employees can turn out to be really effectual in bettering the operations, as they are the 1s who manage them. Therefore, a top-down attack should be replaced with bipartisan communications. In this manner, the employees would experience motivated and valued, as they would be included in decision-making Entire Quality Management: Entire quality direction should be catered to within the work groups and execution of assorted skill sweetening plans for quality and productiveness betterments such as Six Sigma should be provided to its executive employees. Other recommendations are as follow: PIA should upgrade its fleet as it s doing the air hose higher operating cost and PIA is incurring loss.PIA should buy new Airplane with duplicate engines these will cut down the operating cost of PIA Airline should concentrate on the client s satisfaction, refund procedure should be promptly so that client remains loyal to trade name. There should be control on the addition of menus, as mediocre are in bulk in Pakistan, and it is extremely hard for to even believe about the air going. Management should believe over it and at least they can get down a new packaged flight twice a hebdomad holding 50 % menus. Unnecessary installations provided to the Government Department should non be discouraged but with drawn as it causes fiscal losingss. Management should concentrate on computerized system up step and execution. Management should engage the services of specialised IT forces for their system development and up step on clip. There should be clear and even distribution of work and merely qualified individual should be appointed on occupations. There should be improved service criterions and that should concentrate on quality. PIA should offer its services of reserve and place verification with by SMS and flight verification message should besides be sent via SMS to the rider. PIA should give more inducements to its frequent circular as it will bring forth more trade name trueness by giving better inducements to the clients. Comparison of PIA with Different Airlines After carry oning the research in the Preston University, EMBA pupils have rated the different air hoses in the undermentioned mode. Properties Pia Air Blue Shaheen Air Finishs 6 5 4 Punctuality 5 6 4 Quality Food 5 6 5 Customer service 6 5 5 Economic 5 5 5 Technological Promotions 5 5 5 Servicess 5 5 4 Corporate image 6 3 4 Entire Points 43 40 36

The administrative structure of public education in the state of Essay

The administrative structure of public education in the state of California - Essay Example 2) To establish a viable structure, by employing a superintendent, laying down guidelines for hiring other personnel, adopting appropriate policies and curriculum, establishing budget priorities and ensuring provision of facilities. The Board also gives direction for formulating and adopting collective bargaining agreements. 3) To provide support to the superintendent and staff to carry out their functions by providing good personnel management, making resources available, upholding district policies, and liasing between the public and school functionaries. 4) To ensure performance/ program/ financial accountability to the public. . The Board evaluates the superintendent, and sets guidelines for evaluation of other staff, periodically assesses the curriculum and student performance, and also does self-assessments. 5) To acts as community leader by meaningfully involving the community in educational programs; it communicates to them information on district policies/ programs. The Board stands as a link between the student and the community too. (School Board Leadership) Discussion Question (2) Briefly discuss a case or hearing that was presented at your local school board or in one of the court systems. What was the final decision Give your opinion and/or reason for supporting this decision. I refer to a case of 1981, Segraves v. State of California. (Sacramento Superior Court #278978) Although the case is more than twenty-five years old, the issue is current. It relates to the teaching of scientific evolution in the classroom, and its likely clash with the religious views of the students, and their right to their views (as enshrined in the US Constitution). Segraves' contention was that the discussion of the Theory of Evolution prevented his children and him from the free exercise of their religion. The court, however, "found that the California State Board of Education's Science Framework, as written and as qualified by its anti-dogmatism Policy, gave sufficient accommodation to the views of Segraves." (Matsumura & Mead, 2001). The Anti-dogmatism Policy insisted that scientific explanations in the class room focus on the 'how', and not 'ultimate cause', and that speculative statements concerning origins, "both in texts and in classes, should be presented conditionally, not dogmatically." (Matsumura & Mead, 2001) The court also ruled that all areas of science be covered by this Anti-dogmatism Policy. While I agree that science should be taught without dogmatism, it is also necessary that dogmatic adherence to religious beliefs do not prevent a child from acquiring scientific knowledge. Therefore, the judgement in this case was right, permitting openness in looking at scientific theories, and the evidence that was available to support them. *Prompt: Numerous Civil Rights Acts have covered a variety of topics that have influenced public education: unlawful employment practices, denial of benefits, equal rights, equal protection, and equal employment opportunities. Elaborate on a statement that I heard at a governor's conference which stated, "The Right to Read is a student's Civil Right" Explain how the above quote may be both a detriment and an asset to

U.S - European Ties with Obama as President Essay

U.S - European Ties with Obama as President - Essay Example â€Å"The election of Barack Obama as the 44th President of the United States opened a new chapter in transatlantic relations, transforming European assessment of the American president, U.S. standing in Europe, attitudes toward U.S. global leadership, and perceptions on both sides of the Atlantic of the U.S.-EU relationship† (Transatlantic Trends Key Findings, p.6). It is a fact that Obama enjoys heavy support from the European countries compared to his predecessor. Obama’s handling of international affairs has already attracted many Europeans. The handling of Afghan crisis, economic crisis and climate change has helped Obama to acquire support even from the traditional anti- American publics in Turkey and Central and Eastern Europe. On the other hand, Western Europe is almost unique in supporting Obama’s policies. In fact Obama enjoys more support from the European publics than from the Americans at present. In America at least the Republicans are strongly oppo sing Obama’s economic and foreign policies whereas in Europe, irrespective of the political difference, Obama enjoys strong support at present. The recently concluded G20 summit and the winning of Nobel Prize for peace have helped Obama to polish his face among the Europeans. â€Å"People in the European Union and Turkey have fallen under the Obama spell..In 2008, their assessment of Bush was 18 percentage points lower than Bush’s approval in the United States. In 2009, the situation was reversed. Their positive judgment of Obama (77%) was 20 percentage points higher than in the United States (57%)† (Transatlantic Trends Key Findings, p.6). The leadership of America in global matters is more acceptable to the Europeans at present compared to the Bush regime. But it is a fact that the former socialist countries like Bulgaria, Slovaks, etc are still keeping reservations about the American leadership in global matters. Europeans are more

Describe a paint Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Describe a paint - Essay Example ‘The Rock’ was completed in 1948 by Blume which is approximately 3 years from WWII. The war had a far reaching influence on people. The devastations, bombings and violations during the war and the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were tremendously offensive for the people. The effects of the war remained on people’s mind for a long period, even when they came across to ‘the rock’ in 1950. The title gave a view to the people that human beings are persistent on living in the world even after the devastating effects of atomic bombings and extreme violence that they faced. It also implied the Earth’s continued existence even after the cruel and brutal acts of the human beings. The human beings are portrayed to be struggling despite of the devastations and conditions around them. This work clearly condemns the negative use of technology. The painting shows destruction and construction at the same time. The destroyed building implies the effe cts of the war which led to destruction of many house and even countries. The men and women struggling to reconstruct or mitigate the losses give a new hope to the people. The smoke moving towards the building which is not constructed yet also guides towards the hope of reconstruction after destruction, however, with some effects to continue with it.

Research Into The External Environment Of Barclays Bank Finance Essay

Research Into The External Environment Of Barclays Bank Finance Essay Barclays is a global financial services provider deals with retail and commercial banking, credit cards, investment banking, wealth management and investment management services all over the world. Barclays offers personal banking services to its customers all over the world and provides a variety of other products like loans, debit card, saving account, insurance, online banking etc. 1.1 AIMS/PURPOSES The purpose of this report is to review recent research into the external environment of Barclays Bank and provide strategic recommendations for senior managers of the organisation. 1.2 CONTEXT Barclays started its business from london 300 years back, and now Barclays has established enterprises across Europe, Africa, the Americas and the Asia-Pacific region and gives employment to approximately 145,000 people. Barclays has almost 49 million customers and clients worldwide. Barclays has so many achievements in his name. In 1958 Barclays appointed the UKs first female branch manager. In 1961 Barclays opened the UKs first computer center for banking. In 1966 Barclays launches Barclays card, Uks first credit card. In 1967 Barclays opened worlds first ATM. In 1986 Barclays was the first British bank to have shares listed on New York Stock Exchange. In 1987 Barclays launched Barclays connect, the UKs first debit card. In 1995 Barclays was the first financial institution to launch its website. In 1999 Barclays was the first UK bank to offer customers a mortgage in euros to buy a british home. In 2008 Barclays was the first bank in UK to announce a mass roll-out of contactless-enabled debit card. (Barclays, 2010) 1.3 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT The first part of this report would examine and analyse the external environment of Barclays Bank, while the second part would give recommendations to mitigate its impact on the internal environment looking at what management structure and strategy that could be used. The final pact of the report would give a conclusion on the findings and limitations of the reports findings. 2.0 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT Macro (External) Factors are seemingly uncontrolled by companies. They include factors like Political Factors, Economic and Competition Factors, Social Factors, Technological Factors and Legal Factors. Since Barclays Bank comes in Macro Factors, its strategic planning must include an analysis for Macro Factors. This purpose of report both includes SWOT and PEST analysis of tools. 2.1 POLITICAL FACTORS The Political Factors of a Bank includes measures of government stability and political risk in that country. Banking Sectors are affected by political factors and government rules and regulations, and as Barclays Bank one of the historical bank and has branches all over the world, expected to bond with government rules and feel the heat of politics in business and at time political factors doesnt allow banks to grow its business. For example the tax for Barclays to do its business in India will not be same as it is in UK. And also different-different country has different- different rules for its banking industry. According to Treanor report Senior bankers are complaining that political interference is the biggest risk facing their industry despite the billions of pounds of taxpayer money being used to prop up the banking system. One of the bankign leader at Pwc said With political interference as the top risk and too much regulation at number three, the concern is that the financial crisis has taken the banking industrys future out of its own hands.(Treanor,2010) Barclays president Bob Diamond also opposed political interference in banking sector. (Treanor, 2010) The UK Prime Minister said for a more responsible banking, in which he said banks are the servants of economy and society and never its master. He said banks should have help UK business by giving them loans. (BBC, 2009) 2.2 ECONOMIC AND COMPETITION FACTORS Due to the large number of banks in market, Barclays Bank is facing a huge competition in market. Barclays was rapidly losing market share to Bank of Scotland and mainland European banks according to survey by the Manchester Business School.(Trapp,1992) Bank of Scotland was regarded as the toughest bank, but it is felt to offer a better service. Smaller banks, such as the Co-op, Abbey National, Bank of Wales and Yorkshire, were considered less aggressive than the main hight street clearers in terms of fees and pricing. (Trapp, 1992) The Independent (2009) report says Barclays Bank faced a new challenge as credit ratings Moodys cut its rating by two full notches, leading to a one-tenth fall in its share price. (Robbins,2009) The existing recession also played a major role in affecting the business of banks. In 2008, Barclays profit fell by 14% while variable remuneration fell by 48%. At all level Barclays employees lost in  £2bn of personal wealth in 2007 and 2008. (BBC NEWS,2009) 2.3 SOCIAL FACTORS Social factor plays a major role in banks development and banks enterprise. Bank should win the heart of its customers to maintain its reputation. It should make a strong bond with customers. According to BBC News report, in April 2000 Barclays closed its 171 branches, many of them were in rural areas. Because of that Barclays had suffered from a spate of bad publicity. (BBC NEWS, 2000) On February, 2010 increasing overdraft charges on two million of its account holders created a bit concern for Barclays bank customers. However Barclays said eight million customers with standard current accounts would not be a hit by higher changes, and banks has not changed the rates paid by its credit card customers in UK. However customers reacted angrily against Barclays bank. (Moore,2010) 2.4 TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS The modern Technology which making customers life easy in banks, creating big problem regarding the security and privacy of their account details. Customers face problem in loging on and doing online banking. Many customers in country side areas dont have much knowledge about online banking, bill payments and online transfer funds. Some Customers feel unsecured doing online banking. In January 2010 many account holders were not able to check balances and transfer money via online banking. Many customers complained on Barclays forum for unable to access account. (Anker, 2010) Customers who logged into their account in July, 2000 they were able to read the details of other customers accounts. Barclays admitted the problem was associated with a software upgrade which went live overnight. (BBC NEWS, 2000) Barclays bank has signed a deal with F-Secure for 1.6 million licences of the anti-virus program. The basic F-Secure anti-virus will protect customers account and will alert users if any malicious programs installed. 2.5 LEGAL AND CREADIBILITY FACTORS Banks are regulated by different different agencies and different kind of laws in different countries. In 1990s, European countries have implemented Single Banking License which allowed banks from European Union (EU) countries to branch freely into other EU countries. European Countries implemented numerous regulations for banking industry, to achieve the level of harmonization required for the establishment of a single, competitive market for financial services. However, after that European banks have also experienced a negative effect on competition. (Angelini, 2003) UK government expected to put pressure on Barclays and other lenders that have turned down government help to join the British Treasurys latest effort to revive the economy. (Werdigier, 2009). In March, 2009 Barclays bank obtained a court order banning the Guardian from publishing documents which showed how the bank set up companies to avoid hundreds of millions of pounds in tax. The information was leaked by a person who was working with bank. (Guardian, 2009) In January, 2006 Barclays and other 22 international companies got a legal action brought by a South African activist group. That legal action was for allegedely benefited companies from doing business in South Africa in the apartheid era. Barclays was forecd to pull out of South Africa in 1986 after protests against its involvement in South Africa during the apartheid regime. (Kollewe, 2006) 3.0 RECOMMENDATIONS Bank should make a strong bond with customers, to make its business and reputation profitable. Bank should should give customers requirement first priority in its business. T 3.1 As mentiond in the first part of the report, how political factor is playing a major role in banks business and growth. Different- different countris political stability plays a major role in banks deveopment. Banks should keep a track in advance on the political stability of that country, to know how its political change will affect its business. And bank should make a strong bond with governemnt regarding its policies and regulations so that government will help the banks at the time of economy downturn by giving banks special packages to rescue from economy downturn. Banks should make a strong bond with government regarding tax paying. 3.2 Economic and competition factor also plays a major role in affecting banks growth. As mentioned in 2.2 how competition in market plays a major role in companys share and profit and how that nation economy plays a major role in the growth and development of bank. Banks should involve Fiscal Policy in their policy. Fiscal Policy helps to reduce the rate of inflation and stimulate economic growth in a period of economy downturn. Fiscal Policy aims to stablise economic growth, avoiding boom and bust economic cycle.(Economics help) For competition factor playing a major role in banks growth. Banks should keep a strong policy on its interest rates which should not affect customers requirement and banks benefit both. 3.3 As mentioned in 2.3 Social Factor plays a major role in banks relations with customers which directly affects banks development and reputation. Banks responsibility towards customers plays a major role in banks reputation in market, which affects its business. Banks should give a written letter in advance to customers before taking any major step. Banks should make its customer care department more friendly for customers, so they will not hesitate asking any question to banks.Before increasing its any fee, banks should inform customers in advance. The significance of good customer service costs five times to win a new customers and retaining old customers. And banks should give assurance to customers regarding their funds and account profile and personal details, so that they will more secure regarding their accounts. To inhance its reputatin banks should participate in social causes and should participate in developing poor countries and rural areas. They should make branches an d ATMs more convinent for customers in countryside areas as well. 3.4 Technological factor which causing a big concern in winning the trust of customers. The modern technology which is making a customers life easy in doing online bill payments or accessing accounts online at time creat big problems for customers. As mentioned in 2.4 how at time online banking is creating problems for customers and creating problems in relationship with banks. Banks should make its online banking more secured and also give assurance to customers regarding their account details so that customers will not worry about their account profile. Banks should educate people regarding its online banking and telephonic banking. Bank will have to make international banking or internatioanl funds transfer safe for customers and for this they will have educate customers. As mentioned in 2.4, Barclays bank has signed a deal with F-Secure for licence of an anti-virus program which will protect customers account and will alert users if something go wrong with their account.(BBC News ,2006). Its banks responsibility to make technology secured regarding customers account, and if something happens wrong bank must insure customers that their money is safe. 3.5 For a good business banks should start using social media to build trust, loyalty and improve relationships with customers. Political Factor is palying a major role in Banks international market and bank Barclays protects money for nearly 14 million customers and clients in Africa during the time of economy and climate risk. Barclays operated in Africa for over a century and optimisitc for next 100 years future. http://group.barclays.com/Editorial/1231783315133.html CONCLUSION STRENGHTHS WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES THREATS Widespread global presence Generated controvecies Well-established historically Associated with innovation http://www.businessteacher.org.uk/business-resources/swot-analysis-database/barclays-bank-swot-analysis/

Articles of Confederation Essay

With intentions of creating a united nation, colonial leaders developed the Articles of Confederation. Although the Articles of Confederation helped lead the United States to the creation of the Constitution, it did not provide for an effective government from 1781 to 1787, do to its lack of power to control commerce and impose taxes, the failure to amalgamate its people as a country, and its inability to enforce laws. Though its overall ineffectiveness, the Articles of Confederation (the Articles) had several positive results. One positive effect was that kept the states united during the war. This helped greatly in successfully dealing with western lands. The Land Ordinance of 1785 distributed land in an organized manner among the states. Another purpose for this was to create land for education. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 led to western expansion, forbid slavery north of the Ohio River. Although there were disputes about the distributions, the land was generally divided fairly. (Doc E) The Articles of Confederation preserved sovereignty and the republican ideology held on to by the Real Whigs of the colonial era. This would allow for the equality of the thirteen states having the right to vote on different aspects of the Articles. One of the major issues that was not incorporated in the Articles of Confederation was their power to control a monetary system. This included imposing taxes on the states and regulating commerce. This flaw allowed various states to create different laws concerning taxes that would conflict with each other. A growing problem at the time was that every state had their own money system which created troubles when using money from state to state. With each state having their own money, and having no value from state to state, the market value of United States Exports declined sharply from 1775 when exports were booming, to 1787. (Doc B) Another major factor in this was the increase in cheap British imports. In addition to the fact that the Articles did not give the central government the power to have a central monetary structure and force taxes on the states, the pre-war debt rose. Money owed to soldiers for service was unable to be paid largely due to their inability to maintain a stable income that would come through taxes. Doc. C) Congress had hoped that each state would comply with the tax quota they had â€Å"requested† from each state. From that, they would receive about one-fourth of these requests. Along with the monetary imperfection under the Articles of Confederation, the states failure to unify led it to be ineffective for the United States government. For example, when dealing with western land, the government did not have much authority and states we continuously gaining and loosing land. (Doc E) This threatened the accord of the states. An example of being unable to come together would be Rhode Island when they declined to attend the Constitutional Convention because they believed that oust their state power and would lead to the creation of a stronger central government. They also disagreed with Congress in that they were able to propose an impost on imported goods. This was mainly applied to the commercial states, Rhode Island being one of them. (Doc A) One of the major reasons why the Articles proved to be ineffective was the lack of a strong central government. One power the government was entitled to but never implemented heavily on the states as they should have was the authority to sign treaties with other countries. In some cases they failed to even do this. For example, the southern portion of the Mississippi River was being controlled by Spain and although the government attempted to fix this issue, they were unable to do so and rolled over. (Doc F) Along with Spain, Britain still held forts in western land and in lower parts of Canada that influenced the United States greatly by disrupting trade. This became an issue because of the debt held on to by the US and the money owed to the British merchants by the American merchants. (Doc D) This issue came into perspective because of the abused rights given in the Treaty of Paris. (Doc D) Out of the Articles of Confederation, many great things were brought to the attention of the United States government that was able to be put forth toward the establishment of the Constitution. But in doing so provided the United States with an ineffective government from 1781 to 1787. Their incapability to regulate commerce and enforce taxes on the states was a major factor in the unsuccessful government under the Articles. Also, the lack of unification amongst states and people influenced this. The powers granted within the Articles of Confederation to the government regarding foreign affairs were established but then were not deeply enforced, showing a weak command. Despite the Articles of Confederations ineffectiveness on the United States government, it proved to help in the creation of the Constitution in a positive way.

Nigeria My Country

After an initial lag in 1973 and 1974, when large surpluses were saved and invested abroad, consolidated public expenditure accelerated rapidly: by 1976 it absorbed the entire oil windfall (Figure 2). By 1977 combined federation and states capital expenditure increased six fold over their 1970 level. Public capital expenditure accelerated so strongly that it alone accounted for the spending of more than half of the entire oil windfall. However, Nigeria's continued failure to improve its ranking in measures of educational success or infrastructure quality suggest that much of this expenditure was conceived too hastily and ended up largely leading to waste and corruption. Weak institutions and poor governance have contributed substantially to Nigeria’s public debt problems, as the majority of projects financed by public borrowing during the late 1970s and 1980s failed to generate an adequate rate of return needed to improve the repayment capacity of the country. Thus during the 1970s, public expenditure was primarily financed from oil revenues, made possible by the high oil prices in the 1970s, some domestic borrowing, and relatively modest external borrowing. At the time of the second oil shock in 1980, when oil prices jumped to almost $40/bbl, the Since the oil prices collapse in the early 1980s, Nigeria experienced rapid external debt built-up and dwindling foreign exchange reserves: public and publicly guaranteed external debt increased from $4. 3 billion to $11. 2 billion, while foreign exchange reserves were almost exhausted, from $10 billion to $1. 23 billion, all between 1981 and 1983.

The Theme of Alienation in Mar essays

The Theme of Alienation in Mar essays Mary Shelleys Frankenstein develops the theme of alienation and isolation and its consequent increase of hostility through various characters throughout the novel. The theme may have originated from various elements, including Mary Shelleys father, William Godwin, who felt that the isolated individual would become vicious. This idea was shared by Shelley and manifested in the characters, Victor Frankenstein and his monster (What is, 7). These creatures were not born hostile, however, driven to their hostile actions to force the acknowledgement of their existence (Thematic Analysis, 1). There were various elements that attributed to the creation of the theme in Shelleys Frankenstein. Throughout the story, Shelley emphasizes the Faust legend that one must conquer the unknown at the cost of ones humanity. This legend was used in the society of English Romantic Poets, who believed that with alienation and solitude they could produce their greatest poetry (Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, 188). This is conveyed in Frankenstein with his self-imposed secret experiment and isolation, which produces his obsessive drive to devise the creature. (Literary Sources, 4). This isolation only leads to desperation (Frankenstein by Mary, 188). John Miltons ideas in Paradise Lost are also conveyed in the theme of Shelleys Frankenstein. In the book, Frankenstein refers to the monster in terms used in this novel; the fiend, the demon, the devil, and adversary. Both master and creature are torn by their internal conflicts from misapplied knowledge and their sense of isolation (Lite rary Sources, 5). The final thematic element is her life experiences. Through her fathers belief that isolation would make an individual vicious, her own idea for the theme of Frankenstein arose. Shelley, however, added to her fathers proposition that the viciousness is a product of parental neglect (What is, 2). Franke...

5 Reasons to Go Into an Allied Healthcare Career

5 Reasons to Go Into an Allied Healthcare Career maybe you want to work in healthcare, but you don’t have the option to go through intensive training or certification. there are many well-paying, exciting fields that don’t require this kind of preparation, but which can still be incredibly rewarding. there are jobs you can afford to pursue, even without a traditional college education. that being said, here are 5 reasons you should go into an allied healthcare career.1. flexibilitywhile an advanced degree can only give you an extra boost, it is not required by any means. allied healthcare positions, like being a technician or technologist, can give you great quality training- fast. you can work in all types of settings, all around the world. though each state and institution might have slightly different requirements, you’ll find it easy to move around and be eligible in different parts of the country when you need a change of scenery.2. satisfactionyou could do much worse than helping people, working side by s ide with other committed folks like you, making the world a safer and healthier place. these jobs really can make a difference in people’s lives and can be immensely fulfilling.3. securitythis field continues to grow at rates of almost 25% per year. with lower requirements and high advancement potential, these jobs provide great salaries and good staying power across a wide range of fields.4. competitionstarting salaries in this field rival positions requiring much more experience in other fields. and the benefits tend to be comparatively very generous.5. military advantagesif you have any interest in one day pursuing a career in the military, then working in the allied healthcare professions can be incredibly helpful. there are great benefits to a military career, including helping people, serving your country, and good, low-cost insurance. if you want to get working sooner rather than later, consider this route to your healthcare career!interested? apply here

The crucible by arthur miller, John Proctor's diary Coursework

The crucible by arthur miller, John Proctor's diary - Coursework Example It is already night and that is when Reverend Hale came to my house. While Hale was investigating our role in the witchcraft, the court’s clerk named Cheever was at my doorstep. As soon as I saw him, I became nervous and feared that something wrong is about to happen to me. However, when he demanded to see Elizabeth, accusing her of being involved in the crime of witchcraft, my fear got heightened. I also become very concerned. I could not believe that even a simple doll would be used against Elizabeth. She got frightened and is drowned in tears. The plight of my children without their mother crossed my mind and made me more anxious and scared. I was guilt ridden as well. I felt that I could have talked about Abigail’s lies and her wrong intentions in the court earlier itself. I went back further down the memory lane and felt I could have surely avoided the affair with this questionable woman. But, I felt that I cannot be weakened by her arrest. Instead, as she gave me a goodbye and left the house, I had sworn to myself that I will protect her and will not allow anything bad happen to her. I reached the court to show to the world that Abigail is coming up with these false accusations against my wife due to her vengeance against me. I thought that if I could first prove to Governor Danforth that all accusations of witchcraft are false than half of our battle is won. At the same time, I understood that it is not an easy task to complete. I feared that the village people have already idealized these â€Å"afflicted† girls. Considering this challenge, I even brought Mary Warren to reveal the lies of those girls before the court. However, all these plans of mine were spoiled by the girls who started accusing Mary Warren of witchcraft. Aye, it is all lies. But, I was shocked and helpless when Mary also started accusing me of being a witch along with my wife. Hearing this accusation, I was so angry and at the same time felt hapless. I felt

Marketing case study (analysis) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing case study (analysis) - Essay Example If I were Mrs. Mead, what should I do? Can my thoughts and opinion prevail over my salespeople’s views of market strategy which is only to deal with customers when they ask questions? The first question that I need to ask is: do I need to change employees and the sales force of my business? The answer to this is yes and no. Yes, because we really have to look on the quality of people that we can have in our business, aside from the quantity. In the case of Mrs. Mead’s business establishment, it seems there needs some realignment. Some managerial position has to be filled in. She doesn’t need to be an all-around manager-owner of the store. She can hire another qualified manager or supervisor, or can choose from among her trusted employees. Firth (2002) discusses in his book the subjects of â€Å"life and work† and organizational change. He cites Daryl R. Coner, considered one of the leading authorities on the subject of organization change and who has taken his learning to the boardrooms of such giants as Mobil Oil, JC Penney, Pepsico-Cola, Levi-Strauss and AT, and consulted organizations and governments. He recommends Coner’s â€Å"stance is to demystify the uncertainties of the human change with clear processes and vivid concepts† (Firth 74). Let us consider Mrs. Mead’s store as a business that needs organizational change. She could be missing some of the basics of organizational change. Her people need motivations and a change of attitude towards work and the organization they belong. To analyze more of Mrs. Mead’s situation, her store is located on the outskirts of the city. Why should this be in the outskirts? This means that the establishment is not strategically located. She must find a good location for her store where she can display the best of her products. And then the question: Why is Mrs. Mead targeting only the blue collar workers market? Can she not upgrade or change to some higher stratum like the white collar